What to Expect With Postpartum Bleeding (Lochia)
Medically reviewed by Cordelia Nwankwo, MDMedically reviewed by Cordelia Nwankwo, MDLochia refers to the normal vaginal bleeding that a birthing parent experiences in the days and weeks after childbirth. Lochia is made up of the blood and tissue that line the uterus during pregnancy. It usually starts as dark or bright red and changes over time.Lochia occurs in both people who delivered their babies vaginally or by surgical delivery, known as cesarean section (C-section). While lochia is normal and expected in the postpartum period, there are complications to watch out for as certain types of vaginal discharge may be a sign of infection.
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Lochia Bleeding StagesLochia bleeding occurs in stages and should change over time. It comprises blood, mucus, and tissue from the endometrium (uterine lining). It occurs when the placenta (which delivers nutrients and oxygen to a fetus) separates from the uterine wall after childbirth. The birthing parent’s body expels the placenta through the vagina.The stages of lochia bleeding include:Lochia rubra: The first stage of lochia looks like the first few days of a menstrual period. The discharge contains bright red blood and blood clots made up of clumps of red blood cells. It is also common to experience abdominal and pelvic cramping during this stage. It can last up to seven days. Lochia serosa: In the second stage of lochia, vaginal discharge is thinner and turns a brownis-pink color. This stage may last about two weeks. If you are breastfeeding, you may notice that the blood flow is heavier when you nurse your baby. Lochia alba: The third stage of lochia looks like a white or yellowish discharge. All three stages of lochia last about three to six weeks in total.
TakeawayLochia is different from a menstrual period. Although they may appear similar, lochia lasts much longer than a period. While the average period is between a few days and a week, lochia lasts three to six weeks.
Normal Lochia vs. Abnormal Bleeding After BirthLochia is normal and safe after childbirth. Once a person gives birth, their uterus contracts to deliver the placenta and then seals off the blood vessels where the placenta is attached to the uterine wall. This prevents excessive bleeding, known as postpartum hemorrhage. Postpartum hemorrhage occurs when a birthing parent experiences an excessive amount of vaginal bleeding after delivery. This is dangerous and requires immediate treatment.Regular lochia changes in color and amount. People experiencing postpartum hemorrhage have dark or bright red vaginal bleeding that does not lessen or change color. See a healthcare provider if you have been experiencing: DizzinessHeavy vaginal bleedingLight-headednessRacing heartbeatIf you notice that your vaginal discharge has a foul odor, you may have an infection. Call a healthcare provider if you develop a fever after delivery. Self-Care to Manage BleedingLochia bleeding can be heavy at first but will lighten over time. While the postpartum period is often focused on the newborn’s health, it is also important to focus on yours, as well. Consider the following self-care strategies to manage lochia bleeding:Wear a hospital pad: The pads provided by the hospital are often bigger and more absorbent than store-bought menstrual pads. You can switch to a smaller one as your bleeding lightens and slows.Change pads often: Change your pad often to prevent infection. Do not use a tampon for lochia. Avoid sex: Most birthing parents need to avoid sexual intercourse for six weeks after delivery. Having sex too soon may cause pain and raise the risk of infection. Prepare for times of heavier bleeding: Certain activities may increase your lochia flow, so it’s helpful to be prepared with extra pads. Getting out of bed in the morning and exercising may increase your flow. Breastfeeding stimulates uterine contractions, which leads to more bleeding.
TakeawayThe postpartum period is a time of rapid change and can feel overwhelming. Do not hesitate to contact your healthcare provider, family, and friends for support.
When to Expect Lochia to EndThe length of lochia bleeding is individual and will vary from person to person. Most people finish lochia bleeding by their six-week postpartum appointment with their healthcare provider. While lochia starts like a heavy menstrual period, the amount of discharge should lighten throughout the three to six weeks.Summary Lochia is postpartum vaginal bleeding that lasts for about three to six weeks after delivery. It is normal and healthy. Lochia discharge is made up of blood, mucus, and endometrial tissue.Lochia looks like a menstrual period and appears dark or bright red in the first few days. In the second stage, the vaginal discharge becomes thinner and looks brown or pink. The discharge looks white or yellow in the third stage.Call a healthcare provider if you experience heavy vaginal bleeding that soaks a hospital pad in less than an hour or does not slow after a few days. Read the original article on Verywell Health.
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